Thermochemical properties of 4-(4,6-Dimethoxylpyrimidin-2-yl)-3-thio-allophonic acid ethyl ester

Ren Yinghui, Song Jirong1,2 ,Xu Kangzhen, Ma Haixia, Huang Jie, Fu Dingwei ,Yang Xuwu
School of Chemical Engineering / Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710069; Conservation technology department, the Palace Museum, Beijing 100009; Department of Chemistry / Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710069, China)

AbstractThe title compound was synthesized by mixing 2-amino-4,6-dimethoxylpyrimidine, potassium thiocyanate and ethyl chloroformate in ethyl acetate. It was characterized by IR and element analysis. The specific heat capacity ()was determined by a microcalorimetry apparatus Micro-DSCIII, and =0.331+3.463×10-3 (293.0≤≤344.2K).The constant-volume combustion energy of the compound, (image), was determined as (16766.90 ±9.81) J·g-1 by a precise rotating-bomb calorimeter at 298.15K. Its standard molar enthalpy of combustion,image, and standard molar enthalpy of formation, (image), were calculated as (-4794.09 ± 2.81)kJ·mol-1 and(-1438.63 ±3.11)kJ·mol-1, respectively.
Keywords synthesis; specific heat capacity; microcalorimetry; constant-volume combustion energy; standard molar enthalpy of formation

Thioureas as a kind of highly active bactericide have been studied broadly for many years because they could prevent many crops from disease efficiently with little harm to crops and low toxicity to mammals [1]. Many research groups have made important contributions in this field [2-8]
The specific heat capacity is one of the essential thermodynamic data for substance, and importent to the relevant engineering technologic design of energies and materials. In this paper, the specific heat capacity and the constant-volume combustion energy of the title compound, 4-(4,6-dimethoxylpyrimidin-2-yl)-3-thio-allophonic acid ethyl ester,were determined by a microcalorimetry apparatus—-Micro-DSC IIIand a precise rotating-bomb calorimeter respectively. Its standard molar enthalpy of combustion and standard molar enthalpy of formation were calculated on the basis of the constant-volume combustion energy of the compound. The final results would provide theoretical basis for enlarging their application field.

1. EXPERIMENTAL
1.1 Reagents and apparatus
2-Amino-4,6-dimethoxylpyrimidine was prepared in our laboratory according to the literature[9] and all chemicals were of A.R. grade.
The C and H contents were measured by a Vario EL IIICHNOS elemental analyzer made in Germany; IR spectra was recorded with a Model EQUINOX 55 FTIR spectrophotometer (KBr pellet); the constant-volume combustion energy of the compound was carried out by a RBC-type II precise rotating-bomb calorimeter; the specific heat capacity of the compound was studied using a microcalorimetry apparatus—-Micro-DSC III (SETARAM, FRANCE); melting point of the compound was measured with X-5 type digital melting-point apparatus.
1.2 Preparation of the title compound
The title compound used in this paper was prepared according to the following method: 0.65g ethyl chloroformate was dropped slowly into the solution of ethyl acetate that contained 0.388g potassium thiocyanate with stirring under dry condition. After all of the methyl chloroformate was added, the reaction was kept for 2h with stirring under reflux. Then, the solution was filtrated while it was hot. 0.5g 2-amino-4,6-dimethoxyl pyrimidine was addedinto the filtrate, and the reaction was continued for 4h under the condition of reflux. The light yellow precipitate was obtained after filtration, washed with distilled water and dried in a vacuum drier at 80℃. The product was refined with dimethylformylamine.
Anal. Calcd for C1014S: C 41.985, H 4.895, N 19.58; found: C 42.32, H 4.495, N 19.32. IR(KBr) 3516.40,1774.27,1168.02cm-1

2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
2.1 Specific Heat Capacity of the compound

The enthalpies of solution (image) of crystalline KCl (S.R.) in deionized water was measured at 298.15K. The result image=17.267±0.074 kJ·mol-1 is in agreement with the recommended value reported in [10] (17.241±0.018 kJ·mol-1), which shows that the calorimetric system was reliable.
Continuous heating model in Micro-DSC  IIIapparatus was adopted in the experiment. It is convenient to measure the specific heat capacity of solid samples with this method. The specific heat capacity obtained by the experiments is a continuous variable temperature equation, and it is easy to deduce the specific heat capacity at a certain temperature according to the equation.
The schematic diagram of determination is shown in Fig.1.Calculated formula is as equation (1).
image()
where (J·g-1·K-1) is the heat specific capacity, A and A (W) are the real-time heat flows of the sample and the blank respectively, (g) is the mass of sample,(K·s-1) is the heating rate. The software program of apparatus can deal with the data and figure out the results automatically. The determination results with 0.28877g sample and 0.1K·min-1 heating rate was shown in Fig.2. The specific heat capacity of the title compound is obtained as =0.331+3.463×10-3 (293.0≤≤344.2).
08C07202.GIF (8506 bytes)
Fig.1
Schematic diagram of continuous specific heat capacity
08c07201-.gif (7400 bytes)
Fig.Determination results of the specific heat capacity

2.2 Combustion energy of the compound
2.2.1 Experimental condition
The constant-volume combustion energy of the compound was determined by a precise rotating-bomb calorimeter (RBC-typeⅡ). The analytical methods and main experimental procedures were described previously [11]
The initial temperature was regulated to (25.0000 ± 0.0005) ℃, and the initial oxygen pressure was 2.5MPa. The correct value of the heat exchange was calculated according to Linio-Pyfengdelel-Wsava formula [12]
The calorimeter was calibrated with benzoic acid of 99.999% purity.(Chengdu Chemical Reagent Company), which has an isothermal heat of combustion of -2643 J·g-1 at 25℃. The calibrated experimental result was (17775.09±7.43) J·K-1 (Table 1), and the precision was 4.18×10-4. To determine the standard combustion energy of sulfur-containing compounds, the constant-volume combustion energy of thianthrene (mass fraction: 99%, recrystallized before using, Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co. Ltd.) has been determined as being (-33507.76 ± 14.13) J·g-1 (Table 2), which suits well with the reported value as being(-33468 ± 4) J·g-1 . The precision and the accuracy were 4.22×10-4 and 1.19×10-3 , respectively.
The analysis methods of the final products (gas, liquid and solid) were the same as these in ref.[11].The analytical results of the final products indicated that the combustion reactions were complete. The calibrated experimental results were summarized in Table 1.

Table 1 Result for calibration of energy equivalent of the rotating-bomb calorimeter at 298.15K

NO. Mass of the compound
/g
Calibrated heat of combustion wire /J Calibrated heat of acid
/J
Calibrated/K Energy equivalent
/J·K-1
  0.99702 10.35 24.78 1.4834 17790.45
  0.78940 8.10 20.89 1.1746 17789.88
  0.83060 12.60 20.43 1.2382 17758.93
  0.96869 12.60 17.43 1.4418 17780.82
  0.99485 12.60 20.80 1.4800 17798.18
  1.12328 9.09 21.85 1.6735 17761.41
  0.90036 9.28 21.67 1.3429 17745.97
Mean 17775.09±7.43

2.2.2 Constant-volume combustion energy of the compound
The methods of determination and calculation of the constant-volume combustion energy for the compound are the same as for the calibration of the calorimeter with benzoic acid. The values are calculated by the following equation:
image (2)
Where image(the title compound, s) denotes the constant-volume combustion energy of the compound (in J·g-1), is the energy equivalent of the rotating-bomb calorimeter (in J·K-1 ), is the length of the actual Ni-Cr wire consumed (in cm), is the combustion enthalpy of Ni-Cr wire for ignition (0.9 J·cm), 5.97 is the formation enthalpy and solution enthalpy of acid corresponding to 1mL of 0.1000mol·L-1 solution of NaOH (in J·mL-1), is the volume (in mL) of consumed 0.1000 mol·L-1 solution of NaOH and imageis the correct value of the temperature rise. is the mass (in g) of the title compound. The experiment results of the combustion energy of the compound were given in Table 2.

Table 2 Experimental results for the combustion energies of the sample

Compound NO. Mass of the compound
/g
Calibrated heat of combustion wire
/J
Calibrated heat of acid
/J
Calibrated/K Combustion energy of sample
image/J·g-1
  1.15958 12.60 1563.51 1.1848 16802.48
  1.06345 12.60 1433.89 1.0841 16760.06
  1.10532 12.60 1490.35 1.1272 16767.21
  1.13480 11.70 1530.13 1.1551 16734.38
  1.08362 12.60 1461.09 1.1042 16752.70
  1.12515 12.60 1510.91 1.1485 16784.59
Mean 16766.90±9.81
Thianthrene   0.48860 12.60 1383.69 0.9998 33514.62
  0.49960 11.70 1384.41 1.0015 33558.98
  0.49011 12.60 1387.90 1.0028 33511.58
  0.48798 12.60 1381.96 0.9977 33484.26
  0.48835 12.60 1382.99 0.9977 33456.78
  0.48823 12.60 1382.65 0.9992 33520.31
Mean 33507.76±14.13

2.2.3 Standard combustion enthalpy of the compound
The standard molar combustion enthalpy of the compound,image, refers to the combustion enthalpy change of the following ideal combustion reaction at 298.15K and 100kPa.

The standard molar combustion enthalpy of the compound is calculated by the following equations:
image (4)
image (5)
Where is the total amount in mole of gases present as products or as reactants, =8.314J·K-1·mol-1=298.15K.The result of the calculation of image is (-4794.09 ± 2.81
)KJ·mol-1
2.2.4 Standard molar enthalpy of formation for the compound
The standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound,image, is calculated by Hess’s law according to the above thermochemical equation (3)
image
Where image
The result of the calculation of imageis(-1438.63±3.11)KJ·mol-1
The standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound is negative, which indicates that the compound’s stability is better, and it is easy for preparation, reserve and application.