Ren Yinghui, Song Jirong^1,2 ,Xu Kangzhen, Ma Haixia, Huang Jie, Fu Dingwei ,Yang Xuwu
School of Chemical Engineering / Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710069; Conservation technology department, the Palace Museum, Beijing 100009; Department of Chemistry / Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710069, China)

AbstractThe title compound was synthesized by mixing 2-amino-4,6-dimethoxylpyrimidine, potassium thiocyanate and ethyl chloroformate in ethyl acetate. It was characterized by IR and element analysis. The specific heat capacity ()was determined by a microcalorimetry apparatus Micro-DSCIII, and =0.331＋3.463×10^-3 (293.0≤≤344.2K).The constant-volume combustion energy of the compound, (), was determined as (16766.90 ±9.81) J·g^-1 by a precise rotating-bomb calorimeter at 298.15K. Its standard molar enthalpy of combustion,, and standard molar enthalpy of formation, (), were calculated as (-4794.09 ± 2.81）kJ·mol^-1 and（-1438.63 ±3.11）kJ·mol^-1, respectively.
Keywords synthesis; specific heat capacity; microcalorimetry; constant-volume combustion energy; standard molar enthalpy of formation

Thioureas as a kind of highly active bactericide have been studied broadly for many years because they could prevent many crops from disease efficiently with little harm to crops and low toxicity to mammals ^[1]. Many research groups have made important contributions in this field ^[2-8]
The specific heat capacity is one of the essential thermodynamic data for substance, and importent to the relevant engineering technologic design of energies and materials. In this paper, the specific heat capacity and the constant-volume combustion energy of the title compound, 4-(4,6-dimethoxylpyrimidin-2-yl)-3-thio-allophonic acid ethyl ester,were determined by a microcalorimetry apparatus—-Micro-DSC IIIand a precise rotating-bomb calorimeter respectively. Its standard molar enthalpy of combustion and standard molar enthalpy of formation were calculated on the basis of the constant-volume combustion energy of the compound. The final results would provide theoretical basis for enlarging their application field.

1. EXPERIMENTAL
1.1 Reagents and apparatus
2-Amino-4,6-dimethoxylpyrimidine was prepared in our laboratory according to the literature^[9] and all chemicals were of A.R. grade.
The C and H contents were measured by a Vario EL IIICHNOS elemental analyzer made in Germany; IR spectra was recorded with a Model EQUINOX 55 FTIR spectrophotometer (KBr pellet); the constant-volume combustion energy of the compound was carried out by a RBC-type II precise rotating-bomb calorimeter; the specific heat capacity of the compound was studied using a microcalorimetry apparatus—-Micro-DSC III (SETARAM, FRANCE); melting point of the compound was measured with X-5 type digital melting-point apparatus.
1.2 Preparation of the title compound
The title compound used in this paper was prepared according to the following method: 0.65g ethyl chloroformate was dropped slowly into the solution of ethyl acetate that contained 0.388g potassium thiocyanate with stirring under dry condition. After all of the methyl chloroformate was added, the reaction was kept for 2h with stirring under reflux. Then, the solution was filtrated while it was hot. 0.5g 2-amino-4,6-dimethoxyl pyrimidine was addedinto the filtrate, and the reaction was continued for 4h under the condition of reflux. The light yellow precipitate was obtained after filtration, washed with distilled water and dried in a vacuum drier at 80℃. The product was refined with dimethylformylamine.
Anal. Calcd for C₁₀₁₄S: C 41.985, H 4.895, N 19.58; found: C 42.32, H 4.495, N 19.32. IR(KBr) 3516.40,1774.27,1168.02cm^-1

2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
2.1 Specific Heat Capacity of the compound
The enthalpies of solution () of crystalline KCl (S.R.) in deionized water was measured at 298.15K. The result =17.267±0.074 kJ·mol^-1 is in agreement with the recommended value reported in [10] (17.241±0.018 kJ·mol^-1), which shows that the calorimetric system was reliable.
Continuous heating model in Micro-DSC  IIIapparatus was adopted in the experiment. It is convenient to measure the specific heat capacity of solid samples with this method. The specific heat capacity obtained by the experiments is a continuous variable temperature equation, and it is easy to deduce the specific heat capacity at a certain temperature according to the equation.
The schematic diagram of determination is shown in Fig.1.Calculated formula is as equation (1).
（）
where (J·g^-1·K^-1) is the heat specific capacity, A and A (W) are the real-time heat flows of the sample and the blank respectively, (g) is the mass of sample,(K·s^-1) is the heating rate. The software program of apparatus can deal with the data and figure out the results automatically. The determination results with 0.28877g sample and 0.1K·min^-1 heating rate was shown in Fig.2. The specific heat capacity of the title compound is obtained as =0.331＋3.463×10^-3 (293.0≤≤344.2).

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of continuous specific heat capacity

Fig.Determination results of the specific heat capacity

2.2 Combustion energy of the compound
2.2.1 Experimental condition
The constant-volume combustion energy of the compound was determined by a precise rotating-bomb calorimeter (RBC-typeⅡ). The analytical methods and main experimental procedures were described previously ^[11]
The initial temperature was regulated to (25.0000 ± 0.0005) ℃, and the initial oxygen pressure was 2.5MPa. The correct value of the heat exchange was calculated according to Linio-Pyfengdelel-Wsava formula ^[12]
The calorimeter was calibrated with benzoic acid of 99.999% purity.(Chengdu Chemical Reagent Company), which has an isothermal heat of combustion of -2643 J·g^-1 at 25℃. The calibrated experimental result was (17775.09±7.43) J·K^-1 (Table 1), and the precision was 4.18×10^-4. To determine the standard combustion energy of sulfur-containing compounds, the constant-volume combustion energy of thianthrene (mass fraction: 99％, recrystallized before using, Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co. Ltd.) has been determined as being (-33507.76 ± 14.13) J·g^-1 (Table 2), which suits well with the reported value as being(-33468 ± 4) J·g^-1 . The precision and the accuracy were 4.22×10^-4 and 1.19×10^-3 , respectively.
The analysis methods of the final products (gas, liquid and solid) were the same as these in ref.[11].The analytical results of the final products indicated that the combustion reactions were complete. The calibrated experimental results were summarized in Table 1.

Table 1 Result for calibration of energy equivalent of the rotating-bomb calorimeter at 298.15K

NO.	Mass of the compound /g	Calibrated heat of combustion wire /J	Calibrated heat of acid /J	Calibrated/K	Energy equivalent /J·K-1
	0.99702	10.35	24.78	1.4834	17790.45
	0.78940	8.10	20.89	1.1746	17789.88
	0.83060	12.60	20.43	1.2382	17758.93
	0.96869	12.60	17.43	1.4418	17780.82
	0.99485	12.60	20.80	1.4800	17798.18
	1.12328	9.09	21.85	1.6735	17761.41
	0.90036	9.28	21.67	1.3429	17745.97
Mean					17775.09±7.43

2.2.2 Constant-volume combustion energy of the compound
The methods of determination and calculation of the constant-volume combustion energy for the compound are the same as for the calibration of the calorimeter with benzoic acid. The values are calculated by the following equation:
(2)
Where (the title compound, s) denotes the constant-volume combustion energy of the compound (in J·g^-1), is the energy equivalent of the rotating-bomb calorimeter (in J·K^-1 ), is the length of the actual Ni-Cr wire consumed (in cm), is the combustion enthalpy of Ni-Cr wire for ignition (0.9 J·cm), 5.97 is the formation enthalpy and solution enthalpy of acid corresponding to 1mL of 0.1000mol·L^-1 solution of NaOH (in J·mL^-1), is the volume (in mL) of consumed 0.1000 mol·L^-1 solution of NaOH and is the correct value of the temperature rise. is the mass (in g) of the title compound. The experiment results of the combustion energy of the compound were given in Table 2.

Table 2 Experimental results for the combustion energies of the sample

Compound	NO.	Mass of the compound /g	Calibrated heat of combustion wire /J	Calibrated heat of acid /J	Calibrated/K	Combustion energy of sample /J·g-1
		1.15958	12.60	1563.51	1.1848	16802.48
		1.06345	12.60	1433.89	1.0841	16760.06
		1.10532	12.60	1490.35	1.1272	16767.21
		1.13480	11.70	1530.13	1.1551	16734.38
		1.08362	12.60	1461.09	1.1042	16752.70
		1.12515	12.60	1510.91	1.1485	16784.59
	Mean					16766.90±9.81
Thianthrene		0.48860	12.60	1383.69	0.9998	33514.62
		0.49960	11.70	1384.41	1.0015	33558.98
		0.49011	12.60	1387.90	1.0028	33511.58
		0.48798	12.60	1381.96	0.9977	33484.26
		0.48835	12.60	1382.99	0.9977	33456.78
		0.48823	12.60	1382.65	0.9992	33520.31
	Mean					33507.76±14.13

2.2.3 Standard combustion enthalpy of the compound
The standard molar combustion enthalpy of the compound,, refers to the combustion enthalpy change of the following ideal combustion reaction at 298.15K and 100kPa.

The standard molar combustion enthalpy of the compound is calculated by the following equations:
(4)
(5)
Where is the total amount in mole of gases present as products or as reactants, =8.314J·K^-1·mol^-1=298.15K.The result of the calculation of is (-4794.09 ± 2.81）KJ·mol^-1
2.2.4 Standard molar enthalpy of formation for the compound
The standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound,, is calculated by Hess’s law according to the above thermochemical equation (3)

Where
The result of the calculation of is（-1438.63±3.11）KJ·mol^-1
The standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound is negative, which indicates that the compound’s stability is better, and it is easy for preparation, reserve and application.